Course Structure English Language: the roots, the language situation in England before English. The Roman conquest. Anglo-Saxon conquest, the origin and status of Old English, some features of the old English. The Danish invasion and the Vikings Age, influences on the old English. The Norman conquest and the birth of the middle English period. The fusion of French and English, Re-instatement of English. Some characteristics of middle English: Grammar, Vocabulary, Orthography and Pronunciation. The emergence of Dictionaries. The rise of the middleclass in England. The great vowel shift and the 18th century grammarians. The dispersal of English across the world and the development of World Englishes. The effects of socio-political changes in England and its influence on the language. Factors responsible for the growth and spread of English across the World.